How Do You Check a Well Pressure Tank?

A well pressure tank is one of the most important parts of a private well water system. It helps maintain steady water pressure in your home, reduces wear on your well pump, and ensures you have water when you need it. When a pressure tank isn’t working properly, you may notice fluctuating water pressure, short pump cycles, or even a complete loss of water.

In this guide, we’ll walk through how to check a well pressure tank, step by step, using simple language and homeowner-friendly tips.

What Is a Well Pressure Tank?

A well pressure tank is used to hold water and maintain pressure on it using air. The tank contains an air-water diaphragm in the form of a rubber bladder or a diaphragm. When the water gets into the tank it presses the air and this pushes some water out when you open up a faucet.

Why It's Important

● Maintains the constant water pressure.

● Heats off the well pump unnecessarily.

● Extends the life of your pump.

● Reduces electricity usage.

Signs Your Well Pressure Tank May Have Problems

Before checking the tank, it helps to know the warning signs of a failing or misadjusted pressure tank.

Common Symptoms

● There is an increase or decrease in water pressure.

● Short cycling of pump, on and off.

● Reduced pressure of water in the house.

● Noises of the pressure switch clicking.

● No water though the pump is on.

In case you observe any of these problems, it is a good idea to check your pressure tank.

Tools You’ll Need to Check a Well Pressure Tank

A pressure tank does not need many tools to be checked. The majority of the homeowners are able to do it themselves.

Basic Tools

● Tire pressure indicator (digital or non-digital)

● Air compressor or bike pump

● Screwdriver or wrench

● Voltage tester (not necessary, but safe)

● Towel or bucket.

Safety First: Turn Off Power and Water

Before touching your well system, safety comes first.

Step 1: Turn Off Power

● Find your pump-breaker at the well.

● Switch it to the "OFF" position.

● Ensure that the pump is not turned on.

Step 2: Shut Off Water Supply

● Switch off the valve between the house and the tank.

● Open a faucet to take off the water pressure.

This will help avoid the incidence of the accidental activation of the pump and injury.

Step-by-Step: How to Check a Well Pressure Tank

Step 1: Identify Your Pressure Tank Type

Most homes have one of these:

● Bladder-type tank (the most common)

● Diaphragm-type tank

● Air-over-water tank (old systems)

This manual is devoted to bladder tanks and diaphragm tanks, which are typical of contemporary houses.

Step 2: Drain the Pressure Tank

To accurately check the air pressure, the tank must be empty.

● Open a nearby faucet.

● Allow water to dry away.

● Wait till water has ceased to flow.

In case the water flows over an extended period, the bladder can be torn.

Step 3: Locate the Air Valve

On top or the side of the tank, you’ll find an air valve that looks like a car tire valve (Schrader valve).

● Remove the plastic cap.

● Ready your tire pressure gauge.

Step 4: Check the Air Pressure

Measure the air pressure in the tank with your tire gauge.

Typical Pressure Settings in the U.S.

40/60 pressure switch → Tank air pressure should be 38 PSI.

30/50 pressure switch - The air pressure in the tank must be at 28 PSI.

The cut in pressure of the pump must be 2 PSI below the air pressure in the tank.

Step 5: Adjust the Air Pressure If Needed

If the pressure is too low:

● Insert air with a compressor or bike pump.

● Check pressure post addition of air.

If the pressure is too high:

● Press the stem of the valve to expel air.

● Recheck until correct.

How to Tell If the Pressure Tank Is Bad

Sometimes, checking the pressure reveals a deeper problem.

Signs of a Failed Pressure Tank

● Water spurts through the air valve (bladder is ripped open)

● Even when emptied, the tank is heavy.

● After adjustment, the pressure will not be sustained.

● Short cycles of the pump even with proper air pressure.

If you notice any of these, the tank likely needs replacement.

Checking the Pressure Switch (Optional but Helpful)

The pressure switch controls when your pump turns on and off.

How to Inspect It

● Remove the cover (power OFF).

● Search through the corrosion or the burnt contacts.

● Monitor pressure change by listening to clicking.

A faulty pressure switch can mimic pressure tank problems.

How Often Should You Check a Well Pressure Tank?

For most homeowners:

● Once a year is ideal.

● Check following power failure or plumbing.

● Check whether you experience changes to pressure.

Regular checks can prevent expensive pump damage.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Mistake 1: Checking Pressure With Water in the Tank

This provides false readings. Always drain first.

Mistake 2: Over-Pressurizing the Tank

Excessive air decreases water retention and brings about pressure.

Mistake 3: Ignoring Short Cycling

Quick cycling of a pump may ruin a well pump in no time.

When to Call a Professional

While many checks are DIY-friendly, call a well professional if:

● You do not know about electrical elements.

● The tank bladder is damaged

● Short cycling of the pump continues.

● There are still water pressure issues.

Well systems are critical, and professional help can save money long-term.