How Does a Submersible Pump Work?

Water pumps play a vital role in homes, farms, construction sites, and industries across the United States. One of the most efficient and commonly used types is the submersible pump. From supplying well water to draining flooded basements, submersible pumps are trusted for their reliability and performance.

But how exactly does a submersible pump work? Let’s break it down in simple terms.

What Is a Submersible Pump?

A submersible pump is a form of water pump, which is designed to work fully submerged. The submersible pumps force the water to the surface unlike the traditional pumps that drag the water up to the surface.

A waterproof enclosure is the pump and motor, which means that the unit can be used safely when it is immersed in water. Due to such design submersible pumps are very efficient and also quiet as compared to the above ground pumps.

Common Uses of Submersible Pumps

Submersible pumps are widely used for every day and industrial applications, including:

● Residential water wells.

● Sump pumps for basements.

● Farm and lawn irrigation systems.

● Sewage and wastewater treatment.

● Construction dewatering.

● Water supply in the municipalities and industries.

They can be used in urban and rural environments and have become an indispensable part of them because of their versatility.

Main Components of a Submersible Pump

Understanding the parts of a submersible pump helps explain how it works.

Electric Motor

The pump consists of the heart, the motor. It has a waterproof casing to avoid the entry of water. Electricity is passed to the motor and it produces the energy required to propel water.

Impeller

Impeller is a rotating part that is attached to the motor shaft. It rotates forming a centrifugal force that transfers water through the pump.

Pump Housing

The impeller is enclosed by the housing and guided by the water towards the discharge outlet.

Seal System

Mechanical seals are of high quality and they do not allow leakage of water into the motor. This is essential to reliability in the long run.

Power Cable

An insulated cable of heavy weight carries the power supply provided by the power source to the motor underwater.

How Does a Submersible Pump Work? (Step-by-Step)

Let’s look at the working process in a simple, step-by-step way.

Step 1: Power Supply Activates the Motor

Once the pump is switched on, the power enters the power cable to the enclosed motor. This energy will make the motor shaft rotate.

Step 2: Impeller Starts Spinning

The impeller is rotated at high speed on the rotating motor shaft. This rotation produces centrifugal force within the pump.

Step 3: Water Is Drawn into the Pump

Intake openings are located close to the impeller through which water enters the pump. The pump is submerged, and as such, water flows naturally without the necessity of suction.

Step 4: Water Is Pressurized and Pushed Upward

The spinning of the impeller accelerates the speed and pressure of the water. This energy is then transformed by the pump housing into a constant flow, which then forces the water up through the discharge pipe.

Step 5: Water Reaches the Surface

The pressurized water is taken through pipes or hoses until it gets to the point of use, which may be a home plumbing system, irrigation lines or drainage outlet.

Why Submersible Pumps Are More Efficient

The submersible pumps are reputed to be highly efficient than the above-ground pumps.

No Suction Loss

The fact that the pump is already in water means that it does not have to force water up. This gets rid of suction loss and enhances performance.

Uses Water Pressure to Its Advantage

The water that is around aids in moving water into the pump and thereby decreasing the workload on the motor.

Less Energy Consumption

The low friction and suction resistance also mean that submersible pumps frequently use less electricity to save energy and reduce utility costs.

Types of Submersible Pumps

There are several types of submersible pumps, each designed for specific uses.

Well Submersible Pumps

They are used in deep or shallow wells to provide drinking water to the homes and farms. This is widespread in U.S. rural regions.

Sump Pumps

Placed in cellars to stop the floods. They will automatically switch on with an increase in water levels.

Sewage Submersible Pumps

The one that is designed to deal with wastewater and solids. These pumps are usually applied in sewage systems in the municipal and residential setting.

Utility and Dewatering Pumps

Applied to construction sites or in case of an emergency to get standing water off.

Advantages of Submersible Pumps

Submersible pumps offer several benefits that make them popular among households and industries.

● High efficiency

● Quiet operation

● Long lifespan

● Minimal maintenance

● Reliable performance

● Space-saving design

The pump is not exposed to weather and vandalism since it is underwater.

Potential Disadvantages to Consider

Even though submersible pumps are very effective, they have certain limitations.

● Expensive initial cost in comparison with surface pumps.

● Repairs need to be taken out of water.

● Electrical problems may arise due to failure of seals.

These risks are however minimized greatly by proper installation and regular maintenance.

Maintenance Tips for Long-Lasting Performance

To make your submersible pump effective over the years:

● Check on electrical connections.

● Avoid running the pump dry

● Filter inbound when necessary.

● Arrange periodic checkups of well pumps by professional individuals.

● Replace worn seals promptly.

The life of a submersible pump can be prolonged to 10-15 years or even longer in case of proper care.

How to Choose the Right Submersible Pump

When selecting a submersible pump in the U.S., consider:

● Depth and speed of flow of water (gallons per minute)

● Power requirements (110V or 220V)

● Water type (clean water, dirty water or sewage water)

● Pipe size and pressure needs

● Local codes and standards of buildings.

The correct pump will guarantee efficient functioning and reliability in the long run.