How to Install a Shallow Well Pump

If you live in a rural area or off-grid, there’s no better way to ensure a steady water supply to your household than by installing a shallow well pump. Shallow wells typically range from 10 to 25 feet in depth, making them more affordable to install, compared to deeper wells. This article provides the necessary steps to install a shallow well pump and maintain its performance effectively.

 

Understanding Your Needs

Assess Your Water Requirements

The first step in installing a shallow well pump is determining your household's water needs. This includes calculating daily water usage for the household and any additional water needs for gardening, livestock, or other activities. The size of the pump and the storage tank should be based on these requirements. Consider how many people live in the household and whether extra water is used for other purposes.

Choose the Right Pump

There are many types of pumps designed for different capacities. For shallow wells, submersible pumps are typically preferred. These pumps are submerged in the well, making them quieter than other types. You’ll need to determine the pump's flow rate, typically measured in gallons per minute (GPM), to match your household’s needs. Review the manufacturer’s specifications to ensure that the pump is compatible with your well and your desired water output.

Select a Suitable Storage Tank

Have a storage tank to ensure there is always enough water available. The size of the tank will depend on how much water you plan to use and the type of system you install. Common tanks range from 30 to 75 gallons, but it's important to choose a tank that works well with the pump you’ve selected. Ensure that the tank can accommodate the amount of water you require while maintaining sufficient pressure.

Preparing for Installation

Gather Necessary Tools and Materials

Before beginning the installation process, make sure you have all the necessary tools and materials.

Here is a list of items you'll need:

· Shovel, post hole digger, drill, pipe cutter

· Wrench set, pliers, and level

· PVC pipes and fittings

· Pressure tank, pressure switch, pressure gauge

· Electrical wiring, connectors, and protective gear, like gloves and goggles

Digging the Well

1. Choose the Location: The well should be located near the water usage point for easy access. Ensure the area is accessible for maintenance.

2. Digging the Well: Use a post hole digger or shovel to dig a hole with a diameter of 12 to 18 inches. The depth should be based on the required depth of the well, typically between 10 to 25 feet. Ensure the bottom of the hole is flat and even to provide stability for the pump.

Prepare the Hole

Once the hole is dug, remove any debris or rocks that could damage the pump. Sweep the base and sides of the hole clean, and if possible, cover the bottom with coarse gravel or sand to provide a stable base for the pump.

 

Installing the Pump

Positioning the Pump

1. Lower the Pump: Submersible pumps should be placed at the bottom of the well. Ensure the pump is positioned securely and will not move during operation. Use nylon ties or straps to fasten the pump to the well casing, ensuring stability.

2. Add the Pump Cable: Feed the pump’s electrical cable through the well casing and secure it with screws and nuts as recommended by the manufacturer. Ensure that all electrical connections are sealed to prevent water from short-circuiting the system.

Running the Electrical Wiring

1. Install the Pressure Switch: The pressure switch should be mounted at the well casing. This device controls the pump by sensing the water pressure in the system.

2. Connect Wires: Connect the wires from the pump through the casing to the pressure switch, and then to the power source. Ensure all connections are tight and meet the standards set by the national electrical code.

Setting Up the Storage Tank

Install the Tank

1. Locate the Tank: The storage tank should be placed on a raised platform or elevated structure. This helps maintain proper water pressure and allows for easier maintenance. The tank should be positioned slightly higher than the pump’s discharge pipe.

2. Connect Pipes: Attach the pipe that carries water from the pump to the inlet of the tank. Use PVC pipes and fittings for secure connections and ensure all joints are sealed properly to prevent leaks.

Pressure Tank Setup

1. Pressure Tank Setting: Install the pressure tank in either an upright or horizontal position, depending on available space. Ensure the tank is well-ventilated and pressurized according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.

2. Connect the Tank: Tighten the pipes and couplings to secure the pressure tank in the water system. The tank should be bolted firmly to prevent any movement, and it should be installed in a horizontal position to prevent water spillage.

Finalizing the Installation

Test the System

1. Switch On the Power: After all components are connected, switch on the pump. Monitor the system closely to check for any issues or abnormalities during the initial operation.

2. Test Water Pressure: Use a pressure gauge attached to a faucet to measure the pressure. The ideal pressure range is typically between 30 to 50 psi. Make sure the system is delivering the correct pressure.

3. Refill the Tank: Continue to run the pump until the storage tank reaches full capacity and the pressure is maintained.

Perform Maintenance Checks

To ensure the longevity of your shallow well pump system, regular maintenance is crucial. Here are a few important maintenance tasks:

1. Check for Leaks: After installation, regularly check all pipe connections and fittings to ensure there are no leaks.

2. Verify the Condition of the Pressure Switch: This ensures that the pump operates within the correct pressure range and prevents over-pressurization.

3. Water Intake: If the well fills with sediment, the pump might get clogged. Clean the well periodically to avoid blockages and ensure efficient operation.